a) Sunlight becomes infrared when it reach the ground. When there is no cloud, some of the radiation goes back to the space, some of them remains in the atmosphere and the tempature increase. When the number of clouds increase, less sunlight reach the ground but at the same time, more radiation trap in the atmosphere, cause greenhouse effect.On the other hand, when it is in the ice age, the temperature is lower even there are same amount of sunlight going in and out, it is because of there is less amount of CO2, CH4,N2O. So, we can see the difference of the atmosphere in different situation.
b) No, not enough.
c) The main things are the difference of green house gas composition. When the area is more developed, there are more green house gas. These green house gas absorbs and traps more radition in the atmopshere, so it causes the temperature higher and causes green house effect.
d) When gas concentration is none, more radiation goes back to the space so the tempature is the lowest. And in today and 1750, the percentage of green house gas is quite high, and the temperature gets higher when comparing with the previous case. Lastly, for the situation with lots of green house gas, the temperature is the highest as most of the radiation is trapped.
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